New parents and newborns are both adjusting to each other!
First of all, congratulations to all the new parents who must be both happy and nervous about their newborn. I hope that parents will read the article before they face their newborn, so that they will not panic when they encounter these common situations with their newborn.
Newborn baby's body temperature will be between 36.5 and 37.5℃
Many parents find that their newborn child has a high body temperature, often above 37°C, and think that the baby has a fever. However, the normal body temperature of newborns is different from that of adults, and the standard range is 36.5 to 37.5°C. When the body temperature is below 36°C, it is called hypothermia. The newborn's body temperature will gradually rise above 37°C, sometimes even up to 37.5°C suddenly.
If there are no signs of a cold, this is not only because the function of the inferior colliculus, which regulates the body temperature, is not yet mature, but also because the metabolism of infants and young children grows quickly and the process generates heat, and infants have thin skin and less subcutaneous fat than adults, so the body's heat is transferred to the surface through the skin, so they feel warmer.
Because of metabolic problems, the baby's hands and feet will be cold with a lower temperature, which will improve as the baby grows up and the metabolic cycle gets better.
Most heart murmurs are normal
When a newborn is born or comes to the clinic for a checkup after the first month, sometimes the doctor will tell the baby that he or she hears a slight heart murmur. Most new murmurs occur because the baby's arterial ducts have not yet closed. The arterial ducts will close voluntarily 2 to 3 days after birth and the murmur will disappear. However, if the ductus arteriosus does not close after 3 days, it is called "open ductus arteriosus" (PDA).
Another cause is a patent foramen ovale (PFO), a soft foramen that allows nutrients and oxygen to flow rapidly to the baby's body while the baby is still in the mother's belly. Most PFOs have no clinical symptoms and are cared for in exactly the same way as a normal newborn. About 50% of these pores close spontaneously after 3 months of age, and 95% close spontaneously by 1 year of age.
Children older than one year of age who do not close completely may develop an atrial diaphragm defect. Therefore, children with PFO must have regular echocardiograms to ensure the health of their hearts.
Neonatal fibrillation less than 5 seconds
If a newborn baby is not wrapped in a quilt and placed in bed, you may find that after drinking milk or crying for a period of time, the baby's arms and legs or mouth may shake slightly, usually for only 3-4 seconds.
This is called neonatal tremor. Unlike neonatal cramps, if you hold your baby's trembling arms and legs, they will stop immediately and will not tremble again. "Neonatal tremors are related to the lack of brain maturity and the inability to control the limbs properly. 80-90% of neonatal tremors disappear by the time the baby is 3-4 months old, and there will be no neurodevelopmental delays after growth.
Teeth will definitely grow and do not need calcium supplements
When the baby is born, the baby's milk teeth will have already developed in the dental bed and when the time comes, the baby's gums will emerge and become the baby's first tooth. In other words, the timing of teething is more related to the individual's body type, that is, genetics.
It has nothing to do with the question parents often ask: "Should I take calcium supplements? It is not related. Although calcium is known to be a factor in bone development, there is no evidence to suggest that adding calcium to children will speed up tooth development.
White spots on the gums or palate are pearly whites
This is a normal benign oral calculus. It is a pearly tumor, a type of cyst, which is a swelling of the skin capsule left over from the development of the lower jaw bone and upper jaw during embryonic development, with calcification inside.
Almost 80% of all newborns have pearly tumors, which disappear spontaneously in the first few months of life. Pearlomas are not painful and do not cause discomfort or loss of appetite in babies, so there is no need to deliberately pick them out, treat them or brush their gums with salt water.
However, if the baby's mouth appears like a milk lump with white flakes adhering to the oral mucosa or tongue, and the white spots are not like globules one by one, but have an irregular shape, it is suspected to be milk scum or thrush.
Most of the protruding belly button will disappear on its own
This is due to a defective umbilical ring in the subfascial space of the abdominal wall. When an infant cries, coughs or strains, the intestines in the abdominal cavity will bulge out of the navel, but a gentle pressure can push the bulging contents back into the belly.
The symptoms of umbilical hernia are not obvious in newborns, but as the newborn grows, the umbilical hernia becomes more prominent until about 2-3 months of age when the bulge is most obvious. Most umbilical hernias will heal on their own with umbilical cord closure by the age of 1 year, so surgery is usually not necessary. However, if the abdominal wall defect is larger than 2 centimeters, or if it does not heal by the age of 1 year, surgery may be considered.
The tongue ligature should be cut only when it causes spillage and tongue movement
According to the latest research report, "too short tongue tie" will not affect the baby's future speech composition, but rather the tongue tie is too short and too tight, which will restrict the movement of the tongue, causing the newborn to be unable to hold the mother's nipple smoothly, and the nipple pain, affecting the baby's smoothness in drinking milk.
If the tip of the tongue does not go beyond the lower lip and affects the movement of the tongue, the tongue tie should be cut if the tongue exits the mouth. Most of the "short tongue ties" are "thin but short tongue ties". Since the ties themselves will grow with age, there is no need to cut them urgently except for the above conditions.
Most of the blood in diapers is due to insufficient milk intake
Blood can appear in the diapers of newborns, mainly from blood in the urine, blood in the stool, blood from the vagina, or blood from the skin. When you find blood in the diaper, you should first observe your baby's temperature and see if he has a fever. If the baby has a fever, consider a bacterial gastritis infection with blood in the diaper or a urinary tract infection.
If there is no fever, a common cause of hematuria is that the newborn is not drinking enough formula, which causes urine to become concentrated and crystalline, damaging the urinary system. It is also important to check for allergic gastroenteritis due to milk or lactose intolerance, or anal fissures due to hard stools. Bleeding from the vagina usually occurs in newborns less than 1 week old, when maternal hormonal bleeding is receding. It may also be due to severe diaper rash that causes skin bleeding.
Yellowish-white discharge from the corner of the eye requires eye drops
Infants with nasolacrimal duct obstruction are usually teary-eyed shortly after birth, or within 1 to 2 weeks, with yellowish-white discharge, lots of eye stool, crusty eyelids, and pus in the tear sac area when pressed. 95% of nasolacrimal duct obstruction will disappear by 4 to 6 months of age, and another 5% of infants with nasolacrimal duct obstruction still have a chance to disappear by one year of age.
If the infant has clear tears, parents can use conservative pressure massage on the tear ducts daily at home for teary-eyed infants in the early stages of the disease. If the baby's eyes are still tearing and growing with yellowish-white discharge after the tear sac pressure massage, it may be neonatal dacryocystitis caused by nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Breathing noises are due to laryngeal softening
There are many differences between newborns and adults. The entire nasal cavity and nasal tract are immature, and softening of the larynx is the main reason parents notice a "whirring" sound in their babies. The eustachian cartilage is not yet fully developed, the nasal cavity and nasal passage are smaller than those of adults, and they are not yet mature. The soft palate and tongue are relatively large in the mouth, so the nasal cavity and airway of infants are narrower.
If there is no nasal stool in the baby's nostrils, it may be due to "laryngeal tenderness". "The laryngeal softening usually does not occur right after birth, but gradually becomes louder and louder when lying down to feed and cry after about a week of life.
The newborn's vision at birth is black and white and he can see about 25 cm.
When newborns are two months old, they can only see about 25 to 30 centimeters in front of their eyes, which means that things beyond 30 centimeters are blurry. At about three months of age, the newborn's vision develops rapidly and he or she can see 250 to 300 centimeters in front of the eyes and can clearly see objects in front of him or her. At five to six months, they can distinguish between people, pay attention to small toys and attractive things around them, and recognize the faces of mothers and strangers. Normal vision development is about 0.6 at age three, 0.8 at age four, 1.0 at age five, and 1.2 at age six, but because of the child's cooperation in vision examinations, the standard is generally set at 0.5 to 0.6 at age three, 0.6 to 0.7 at age four, 0.7 to 0.8 at age five, and 0.8 to 0.9 at age six.
Until two years old baby is O-legged do not need urgent treatment
Due to the posture of the baby in the mother's fetus, the thighs and calves after birth show about 10 to 15 degrees of inward curvature, showing O-shaped legs, easy to cause the lower limbs of the feet in the eight, after the age of 2, the lower limbs will become relatively straight. O-leg will continue to be corrected, it will be found that the child's lower extremities straight together, the two knees touch, but the ankles can not come together, but instead become X-shaped legs, resulting in outward eight feet.
Subsequently, X-shaped legs and outward facing feet will be corrected back at the age of 6 to 7 years. Unless the deformity is particularly serious, the child walks unsteadily, painful, or after the age of 2, the child's lower extremities still appear O-leg, after the age of 8 still appear X-leg not automatically corrected but worsened, should seek the help of a pediatric orthopedic surgeon diagnosis.
Pacifier is better than finger sucking, quit by 4 years old at the latest
The baby is between 2 months and 2 years old, which is the period of growth of the baby's appetite, just when he can reach out and grab the small things around him, curiosity makes the baby reach out and grab the things around him and send them to his mouth, or just suck on fingers and pacifiers. There are many medical reports that pacifier sucking can reduce the risk of "sudden infant death" in babies. Sudden infant death" refers to the unexplained sudden death of infants under one year of age, most often occurring in infants 2 to 4 months of age.
Because the baby can sleep on his back by sucking on a pacifier, the risk is reduced. There's no requirement that a baby be completely weaned off the pacifier, but the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends that babies be weaned off the pacifier by age 4 because if they're not weaned off the pacifier by age 4, their bite will be affected later in life when they grow permanent teeth.
The effect of receiving early therapy before the age of three is 10 times greater than after the age of three.
Children face "growth" and "development" during their development. "Growth" refers to the growth of the body, such as height, weight, or head circumference, and "growth" refers to the growth of a normal child at a stable growth curve. "Development" refers to the maturation of the central nervous system or other organs as the child ages, from not being able to roll over to being able to roll over, from not being able to crawl to being able to crawl, from not being able to stand to being able to stand, etc.
For example, from not being able to roll over to being able to roll over, from not being able to crawl to being able to crawl, from not being able to stand to being able to stand, and so on. Children's brain development has its own plasticity, from birth to six years old is the fastest development of the brain, the highest plasticity, especially before the age of three years old to receive early treatment effect, than after the age of three 10 times.
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